Bacterial penetration along different root canal filling materials in the presence or absence of smear layer -

To study the effect of the smear layer on the penetration of bacteria along different root canal filling materials and to examine the dentine/sealer and sealer/core material interfaces for the presence of bacteria.

The effects of dentine pretreatment on the adhesion of root‐canal sealers -

Removal of the smear layer may impair sealer adhesion to dentine. Different sealer types require different dentine pretreatments for optimal adhesion