Dentin adhesives
Adhesion between the restoration and the tooth has been a subject of considerable interest both for scientists and dental practitioner. The aspect of retention needed for survival of dental amalgam restorations has been partly omitted by the introduction of adhesive technology.
Avoiding undercuts in order to prevent loss of sound tooth substance and saucer-shaped cavity design requires adhesion obtained by the use of enamel and dentin adhesives. Adhesion to dentin is based on micro mechanical interlocking involving exposed collagen after acidic treatment of the dentin.
There are two main concepts of dentin adhesives; the etch-and-rinse adhesives and the self-etch adhesives (1,2). “Etch-and-rinse” adhesives involve a separate etch-and-rinse phase, usually with 30–40% phosphoric acid, which is applied and rinsed off. This step is followed by a separate priming step and application of the adhesive resin, the so called three-step procedure. Simplified two-step etch-and-rinse adhesives combine the primer and adhesive resin into one application. The self-etch adhesives are based on acidic monomers that simultaneously condition and prime dentin followed by the adhesive resin. The self-etch adhesives also exist in a simplified version, the all-in-one product, combining priming acidic monomers and the adhesive resin in one application.
NIOM has tested a number of dentin adhesives on the Nordic marked sponsored by the National Board of Health and Welfare in Sweden during the last years using a standardized method for shear bond strength. The adhesion between dentin and composite is measured after following the procedure recommended by the manufacturer of the adhesive. Bond strength is measured after 24 hours in water and after artificial aging (thermo cycling 500 times between 5 °C and 55 °C). Each product is tested with 16 different samples. The results are given in Table 1. The results represent the tested product. The manufacturer may later have altered the composition of the product, which could influence the product properties.
Table 1. Results of shear bond testing to dentin (MPa)
| Product name (manufacturer) (year of testing)* | Type of adhesive | Short term (24h) | Thermocycled 500x, 5–55 °C |
|---|---|---|---|
| ACE All-Bond TE (Bisco) (2012) | Etch-and-rinse, 2 steps | 12 ± 3 | 15 ± 4 |
| All Bond 3 (Bisco, Inc) (2008, 2012) | Etch-and-rinse, 2 steps | 19 ± 6 | 13 ± 6 |
| Gluma Comfort Bond (Heraeus Kulzer) (2010) | Etch-and-rinse, 2 steps | 8 ± 5 | 2 ± 2 |
| Adper Scotchbond SE (3M ESPE) (2008) | Self-etch adhesives, 2 steps | 7 ± 2 | 5 ± 2 |
| Silorane System Adhesive (3M ESPE) (2012) | Self-etch adhesives, 2 steps | 18 ± 5 | 20 ± 5 |
| AdheSE One F (Ivoclar Vivadent AG) (2009) | Self-etch adhesives, 1 step | 7 ± 3 | 5 ± 5 |
| Adper Easy Bond (3M ESPE) (2008) | Self-etch adhesives, 1 step | 21 ± 4 | 19 ± 5 |
| FuturaBond DC (VOCO) (2009) | Self-etch adhesives, 1 step | 4 ± 2 | 3 ± 3 |
| One Coat 7.0 (Coltene & Whaledent) (2012) | Self-etch adhesives, 1 step | 21 ± 9 | 23 ± 7 |
| Xeno V (Dentsply) (2008, 2012) | Self-etch adhesives, 1 step | 21 ± 4 | 20 ± 7 |
* The data are valid for the products tested. Composition and properties of the product may have been altered after the testing.
Authors
E. K. Austrheim, dental technician, and J. E. Dahl, professor
References
1. De Munck J, Van Landuyt K, Peumans M, Poitevin A, Lambrechts P, Braem M, Van Meerbeek B. A critical review of the durability of adhesion to tooth tissue: Methods and results. J Dent Res 2005; 84:118–132.
2. Dahl JE. Nytt om bonding. In Aktuell nordisk odontologi 2011, Holmstrup P (ed), pages 83–92. Copenhagen: Munksgaard Danmark 2011.
